The answer turns, depending on which school of paleoanthropology you follow, on either the skills for identifying ripe fruit around ten million years ago, or the skills for selecting a potential date in a singles bar around ten million years ago. You can read a fascinating lecture by Richard Feynman in which he explains how the three colors work.
And no, we are not here discussing the imagined skin disease from Game of Thrones. In the case of grayscale, each pixel will have its content defined by 8 bits. This means that each pixel of the drawing has a value between 0 and The other values are various shades of gray.
The number is about half way between white and black. The idea was that each pixel is assumed to be either pure black or pure white in color. The IFW system only stores images in which each pixel has only two values — 0 or 1. Each pixel is either pure white or pure black.
Some computer programmers, when faced with this problem, might arrive at a very simple algorithm: for each pixel, work out whether it is closer to black or closer to white.
The EFS-Web system will take a group of pixels that are in color or various shades of gray, and will replace that group with some group of pixels each of which is pure white or pure black. The result of course is that the information content of each pixel gets blurred into many adjacent pixels.
The overall result is that the IFW drawing is very blurry when compared with the original drawing as filed. A century ago or even as recently as half a century ago, the halftoning was often a necessary evil. Most printing technologies that were in use 50 or years ago were technologies that either transported ink from point A to point B or did not transport ink from point A to point B.
For each spot on the piece of paper where printing is taking place, either the spot got ink on it or the spot did not get ink on it. Fifty years ago, or even twenty years ago, computer data storage was extremely expensive. A decision to store eight bits per pixel instead of one bit per pixel required spending eight times as much money on some very expensive hard disk drives. A decision to store 24 bits per pixel instead of one bit per pixel required spending 24 times as much money on some very expensive hard disk drives.
But now in , data storage costs are only a fraction of a percent of what they were ten or twenty years ago. In , a system designer will not choose to store one bit per pixel for a human-readable image as a way of saving money, because it does not save much money these days.
Back to halftoning. Here are images from an actual issued design patent that our firm obtained for our client Lenovo, that issued this past Tuesday. This first image shows a portion of a figure, the way we e-filed it. You can easily see that the halftoning degrades the image quality. So the main point is that for a US design patent, if the drawings are simple black and white line drawings, then you may be happy with the PDF that you can get from the PatFT database.
It is this patent that provided the image at the top of this blog article. Note that the former is about one megabyte in size, while the latter is about 5. Well said Carl! Two comments. Patent system is in an accelerating race with human ingenuity and investments in innovation. In many respects the system has responded with admirable flexibility, but the strain of continual. If you wanted to download PDF files programmatically as needed rather than all at one time, my company IP Street can help you with this.
We are faster and more constant than scraping Google Patents they do things to purposely break you crawlers and we don't. Free source Sometimes, you may get it free, for example, from the numerous, free, and easily available online patent databases, which include a lot of technologies that were either not protected at all in your market or by now their patent protection has lapsed or expired. As the information contained in a patent is free for anyone to use, both.
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Download copies of patents in pdf format, including utility patents, design patents, plant patents, patent reissues, and patent applications pre-grant publications from the USPTO's patft and apft databases. Get entire patent s or only the section you want front page, drawings, claims, or description. Improve your patent search by retrieving copies of patents in searchable pdf format, including utility patents, design patents, plant patents, patent reissues, and patent applications pre-grant publications.
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